Today world is paying more attention to the issue of food and agricultural waste management is calling for more decisive action to be address on it. The growing awareness and increase in demand for proper action are rooted in strong moral connotations associated with food and agricultural waste management. These are based on the fact that food and agricultural waste implies unnecessary pressure on environment and natural resources. The land and water resources have been wasted, pollution created and greenhouse gases emitted to no purpose. It is also wonder how we ignore and allow food and agricultural waste thrown away when many hundred millions people in the world continue to hungry every day. This global attention on the issue of food and agricultural waste management is the main Agenda for Sustainable Development of st Century. Many countries are already taking action to reduce food and agricultural waste, but the challenges ahead remain significant and we need to step up efforts. When we strive to make progress towards reducing food and agricultural waste, it can highly effective in our efforts of best management of food cost, environmental problems and greenhouse gases. There is need to be considered main three dimensions. At first we need to know how much food and agricultural crops are wasted as accurately as possible, where and why Secondly we need to more clear about underlying reasons or objectives for reducing food and agricultural waste, must be related to food security and environment. Thirdly, we need to understand how food and agricultural waste, and its measures to reduce it, affect the objectives being pursued. These are the main points in order to help design more informed and better management policies for food and agricultural waste management. An estimation by FAO in suggested that around a third of the world’s food was lost and wasted every year. According to UN environment, globally around fourteen percent of the world’s food is lost from production before reaching to the retail level. The main objectives are reducing food and agricultural waste by better management and know how essentially environmental situation changes are. In the case of greenhouse gas these accumulate throughout the supply chain. Therefore, reducing food and agricultural waste by consumers will have the biggest impact which represents a larger amount of green gas house emissions.
Food and agricultural waste of different consistencies requires different management techniques and handling equipment. Food and agricultural waste may be in the form of liquid, slurry, semisolid, or solid, waste, such as manure can change consistency throughout the system, all the year. The total solid concentration of manure is the main characteristic that indicates how the material can be handled.
The process of collection, transport, disposal, recycling and monitoring of agricultural waste is called food and agricultural waste management is undertaken to recycle the food and agricultural waste so as to reduce the ill effects of wastes on environment, health and aesthetics. Various techniques are used for the management of waste which includes land-filling, incineration, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, recycling, composting. Anaerobic digestion produces bio fuel in the form of biogas. Plasma gasification results in the generation of electricity from waste. Recycling of food and agricultural waste involves the collection, sorting and reprocessing of waste into new products. Vermin composting is the preferred form of composting as it results in the formation of vermin compost called black gold due to the presence of rich nutrients and growth promoting factors in it.
Presently, world population are increasing day by day which creating a huge amount of food and agricultural waste which ends up in landfills, also can be re-purposed. The United Kingdom was the first country to introduce the law for food and agricultural waste management in due to health and hygienic issues in the civil society and cities areas. After this, the concept of dust-bin has became essential part of our life.
The process of collection, transport, disposal, recycling and monitoring of food and agricultural wastes is called food and agricultural waste management. Food and agricultural waste management can be costly so it is important to understand the various effective, sustainable and safe means of its management. The three points ‘R s “Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle have become basic tenet in food and agricultural waste management due increase in generation of wastes, increasing in processing costs and decrease in available landfill space. There should be flexibility in food and agricultural waste management systems in light of changing environmental, social and economic conditions. To optimize, evaluate, adapt and define food and agricultural waste management systems, the information and feedback can be obtained from system analysis.