ایک بچوں کا ماہر امراض یا بچوں کا ڈاکٹر صحت کی دیکھ بھال کرنے والا ہے جو خاص طور پر بچوں کو درپیش طبی پریشانیوں سے نمٹتا ہے۔ وہ پیدائش سے لے کر جوانی تک بچوں کی ذہنی ، جسمانی اور طرز عمل کی دیکھ بھال کرتے ہیں۔ بچوں کے ماہر امراض کو خاص طور پر ان بچوں کی دیکھ بھال کے لئے تربیت دی جاتی ہے جن کی منفرد طبی ضروریات ہوں ، سنگین بیماریاں ہوں اور اس کے ساتھ ساتھ صحت کے معمولی مسائل ہوں۔ بالغوں کے مقابلے میں بچوں کی جسمانی اور جذباتی ضروریات مختلف ہوتی ہیں ، یہی وجہ ہے کہ ان کی طبی ضروریات ڈاکٹروں کے ذریعہ پوری نہیں ہوتی ہیں جو بنیادی طور پر بڑوں کا علاج کرتے ہیں۔ در حقیقت ، کچھ معاملات میں ، بچوں کی دیکھ بھال حاملہ ہونے سے پہلے ہی اور حمل کے دوران ہی شروع ہوسکتی ہے۔

Khalid Abdulrahman al-Fawwaz (خالد الفواز; kunya: Abu Omar al-Sebai (أبو عمر)Daily Telegraph,, September , is a Saudi who was under indictment in the United States from , USA v. Usama bin Laden et al., Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies accused of helping to prepare the United States embassy bombings. He was extradited to the United States and arraigned in October . Al-Fawwaz appeared on the UN Committee&#;s list of individuals belonging to or associated with al-Qaeda, and was embargoed as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the US Treasury&#;s Office of Foreign Assets Control. According to the Treasury statement, al-Fawwaz was born on August , . He moved to London in . He was appointed by Osama bin Laden as the first head of the media organ called the Advice and Reform Committee in London, where he met Adel Abdel Bari and Abu Qatada, amongst others. In , while bin Laden was in Sudan, al-Fawwaz was said to be attempting to pave the way for bin Laden to move to Britain. He was arrested under the Prevention of Terrorism Act , as part of Operation Challenge, which resulted in the arrest of seven UK-resident men, who were accused of links to al-Jihad.Hoge, Warren. New York Times, "Britain arrests suspected of links to Bin Laden", September , One of the men was charged with possession of a weapon. Six months after the arrests, British Muslims staged a demonstration in front of Downing Street to protest against the continued incarceration of the seven men. L&#;Houssaine Kherchtou, testifying for the United States, claimed that al-Fawwaz had been the leader of an "Abu Bakr Siddique camp", which he contradictingly placed in Hayatabad, Pakistan, or Khost, Afghanistan.O&#;Neill, Sean. Daily Telegraph,, September , His trial, along with his co-defendant Abu Anas al Libi, also known as "Nazih al Raghie" or "Anas al Sebai", was scheduled to begin on November , before Judge Lewis A. Kaplan. At the same time, his co-conspirator, Abdel Bari, pleaded guilty., Sep He was sentenced to life imprisonment on May .

The Dasht-i-Leili massacre occurred in December during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan when, depending on the sources, between several hundred to several thousand Taliban prisoners were shot and/or suffocated to death in metal shipping containers while being transferred by Junbish-i Milli soldiers under the supervision of forces loyal to General Rashid Dostum from Kunduz to Sheberghan prison in Afghanistan.

United Nations Security Council resolution , adopted unanimously on December , after recalling resolutions (), (), (), () and () concerning Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and terrorism, the Council decided that financial sanctions against the organisations would not apply to expenses for food, rent, medicine and medical care, health insurance and professional fees.

The Syrian Democratic Forces (translit, Hêzên Sûriya Demokratîk, translit), commonly abbreviated as SDF, HSD or QSD, are a multi-ethnic and multi-religious alliance of predominantly Kurdish, but also Arab and Assyrian/Syriac militias, as well as some smaller Turkmen, Armenian, Circassian and Chechen groups/participation in the Syrian Civil War. The SDF is mostly composed of, and militarily led by, the People&#;s Protection Units (YPG), a mostly Kurdish militia. Founded in October , the SDF states its mission as fighting to create a secular, democratic and federal Syria, along the lines of the Rojava Revolution in northern Syria. The updated December constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria names the SDF as its official defence force. The primary opponents of the SDF and their allies are the Salafist and Islamic fundamentalist groups involved in the civil war, in particular the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Turkey-backed Syrian opposition groups, al-Qaeda affiliates, and their allies. The SDF has focused primarily on ISIL, successfully driving them from important strategic areas, such as Al-Hawl, Shaddadi, Tishrin Dam, Manbij, al-Tabqah, Tabqa Dam, Baath Dam, and ISIL&#;s former capital of Raqqa.