The Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (abbreviated as TFSA), partially reorganized as the Syrian National Army (al-Jayš al-Watanī as-Sūrī, Suriye Millî Ordusu) by Turkey since May , is an armed Syrian opposition structure mainly composed of Syrian Arab and Syrian Turkmen rebels operating in northern Syria, mostly being a part of Operation Euphrates Shield or groups active in the area that are allied to the groups participating in the operation.

The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, or the Graduate Institute (in French: Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement (previously known as Institut (universitaire) de hautes études internationales), abbreviated IHEID (previously HEI, IHEI, or IUHEI) is a post-graduate university located in Geneva, Switzerland. The institution counts one UN secretary-general (Kofi Annan), seven Nobel Prize recipients, one Pulitzer Prize winner, and numerous ambassadors, foreign ministers, and heads of state among its alumni and faculty. Founded by two senior League of Nations officials, the Graduate Institute maintains strong links with that international organisation&#;s successor, the United Nations, and many alumni have gone on to work at UN agencies. The school is a full member of the APSIA. Founded in , the Graduate Institute of International Studies (IHEI or HEI) is continental Europe&#;s oldest school of international relations and was the world&#;s first university dedicated solely to the study of international affairs. It offered one of the first doctoral programmes in international relations in the world. In , the Graduate Institute absorbed the Graduate Institute of Development Studies, a smaller post-graduate institution also based in Geneva founded in . The merger resulted in the current Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Today the school enrolls about graduate students from over countries. Foreign students make up nearly % of the student body and the school is officially a bilingual English-French institution, although the majority of classes are in English.. With Maison de la Paix acting as its primary seat of learning, the Institute&#;s campuses are located blocks from the United Nations Office at Geneva, International Labour Organization, World Trade Organization, World Health Organization, International Committee of the Red Cross, World Intellectual Property Organization and many other international organizations. It runs joint degree programmes with universities such as Smith College and Yale University, and is Harvard Kennedy School&#;s only partner university to co-deliver double degrees.

The Battle of Qala-i-Jangi (also incorrectly referred to as the "Battle of Mazar-i-Sharif") was a prisoner-of-war camp uprising that took place between November and December , , in northern Afghanistan, following the armed intervention by United States-led coalition forces to overthrow the Taliban&#;s Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which had been harboring al-Qaeda operatives.

Abu Sayyaf (جماعة أبو سياف;, ASG; Grupong Abu Sayyaf), unofficially known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Philippines Province, is a Jihadist militant and pirate group that follows the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam based in and around Jolo and Basilan islands in the southwestern part of the Philippines, where for more than four decades, Moro groups have been engaged in an insurgency for an independent province in the country.

Siddique ul-Islam (সিদ্দিকুল ইসলাম Siddikul Islam), known popularly as Bangla Bhai (বাংলা ভাই "Bengali Brother") ( – March ), also known as Aziz ur-Rahman (আজিজুর রহমান) Azizur Rôhman, was a Bangladeshi terrorist and the military commander of the Al Qaeda affiliated radical Islamist organization Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh (Awakened Muslim Masses of Bangladesh), known in popular usage as the JMJB.