Second Chechen War (Втора́я чече́нская война́), also known as the Second Chechen Сampaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния), was an armed conflict on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, also with militants of various Islamist groups, fought from August to April .

Zelimkhan Abdulmuslimovich Yandarbiyev (Яндарбин Абдулмуслиман-кIант Зелимхан Yandarbin Abdulmusliman-khant Zelimxan, Зелимхан Абдулмуслимович Яндарбиев, also spelled Yandarbiev) (September , – February , ) was a Chechen writer and a politician, who served as acting president of the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria between and .

Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian Civil War has been substantial since the beginning of armed insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War, and turned into active support and troop deployment from onwards. By , Hezbollah involvement begun to turn steady in support of Syrian Ba&#;athist Government forces across Syria. Hezbollah deployed several thousand fighters in Syria and by lost up to , fighters in combat. Hezbollah has also been very active to prevent rebel penetration from Syria to Lebanon, being one of the most active forces in the Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon. In the past, Hezbollah has served a strategic arm of Iran in the region, allegedly playing a key role in the Iran–Israel and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflicts in the middle east. In a number of occasions, Hezbollah weapon convoys in Syria and Syrian-Lebanese border areas were attacked, with Israel being the main suspected party behind most such attacks, though Israel did not claim responsibility except for the March Israel–Syria incident. Hezbollah convoys have also been attacked by Syrian rebel factions, most notably the Al-Nusra Front.

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (lit or, Tanẓīm Qā‘idat al-Jihād fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab, "Organization of Jihad&#;s Base in the Arabian Peninsula"), or AQAP, also known as Ansar al-Sharia in Yemen (جماعة أنصار الشريعة, Jamā‘at Anṣār ash-Sharī‘ah, "Group of the Helpers of the Sharia"), is a militant Islamist organization, primarily active in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.

The Islamic American Relief Agency (IARA-USA) is an "American non-profit organization established in and dedicated to the empowerment of disadvantaged people everywhere through relief and participatory development programs emphasizing human dignity, self-reliance, and social justice." It has been under scrutiny by the FBI and Joint Terrorism Task Force since October , when its offices were raided and its operations shut down.