The hot water produced by the boiler is pumped through pipes and reaches the building equipment, which can include hot water coils in the fan coils, hot water heating equipment and heating systems. Boilers produce steam that flows from high-pressure to low-pressure areas through pipes without the need for an external energy source, such as a pump. The steam used for heating can be used directly for steam-powered equipment, or through a heat exchanger can generate heat to produce hot water for the equipment.
Engine room boilers, both in the low pressure and high-pressure categories, must operate in accordance with the instructions of the pressure pipes and boilers of the Mechanical Engineering Association. In low-pressure boilers, the maximum pressure during operation should be psi (pounds per square inch) for steam and psi for hot water. Most installations use low-pressure boilers. High-pressure boilers are designed to operate under pressure limits beyond low-pressure boilers and are commonly used for power plants. The water temperature for hot water boilers is ° C.
If a building has multiple boilers, you may be able to use the boilers in sequence to prevent repeated cycles. If you use boilers that do not adjust, it is better to use the next boiler when the capacity of one boiler is full, instead of disconnecting and connecting several boilers that are loaded. On the other hand, in regulating boilers, the efficiency of the boiler increases in the load-sharing situation. Therefore, using several boilers at the same time in load sharing mode is more beneficial than using one boiler with % efficiency. Figure shows the relationship between ignition rate and efficiency in boilers with adjustable air and fuel flow utilization.
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In facilities, in addition to limiting, the system activity sequence is also important to achieve energy efficiency. Nowadays, with the general use of VAV (variable volume) systems in commercial complexes, simultaneous heating and cooling and overheating of the primary air are often ignored. Applying boiler restrictions based on outside air temperature, for example when the temperature is above . degrees Celsius, is an effective way to prevent this situation.