Given these factors, it became clear that X wasn’t best suited to take the work forward, and one of the best ways X could have an impact now on the problem of access to safe drinking water was to share what we’ve learned.  We believe this technology, even at $. a liter, has the potential for positive impact in many communities and could form the basis for many viable businesses — just not the size and shape of businesses we’re working to produce at X.

The HE team was a small, interdisciplinary team made up of scientists, development experts, engineers, geospatial analysts, user researchers and industrial designers who have long been passionate about the challenge of access to clean water. Drinking water access is often hindered by a range of complicated factors and structural challenges that vary from place to place, including proximity to existing water resources, local community infrastructure, governance issues and more. This is partially why in many places, piped water infrastructure could still be decades away.

To understand how the device worked, it’s helpful to go back to how condensation works in nature. When warm, humid air meets cooler air, or hits a cooler surface, the molecules in it slow down and cool into liquid. This is how clouds are formed in the atmosphere, or beads of water collect on a cold can of soda on a hot summer day. HE’s prototype basically replicated the natural process of condensation, but on a much smaller scale. This was made possible through a variety of processes and components — namely, constantly recirculating air, solar energy, and a desiccant (a material that absorbs moisture, like the silica gel packets you find in a new pair of shoes). The below illustration describes the process in more detail:

After various iterations and user research studies, the team eventually built their most recent prototype model. This prototype ran on solar heat and was made from vacuum-formed parts — a manufacturing technique typically used to make small, disposable items, like takeaway food containers. Light and low cost, the team realized vacuum-forming also had the potential to form many of the larger parts of their device too.

electrical installation electrical distribution power distribution electrotechnical guide IEC International Standards technical guide electrical installation design power distribution electrical power standards General rules of electrical installation design Connection to the MV utility distribution network Connection to the LV utility distribution network MV & LV architecture selection LV Distribution Protection against electric shocks and electric fires Protection against electric fires Sizing and protection of conductors LV switchgear functions and selection Overvoltage protection Energy efficiency in electrical distribution Power Factor Correction Harmonic management Characteristics of particular sources and loads Photovoltaic installations Electro Magnetic Compatibility Measurement